Difference between revisions of "The Brain"

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* [[Phantom]]
 
* [[Phantom]]
  
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'''Etymology of Neuroanatomical, Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Terminology'''
 +
 +
This table lists the original Greek and Latin meanings of neuroscience words. Most of the words are neuroanatomical terms, but neurological symptoms and disorders are also included.
 +
 +
'''WORD'''      '''MEANING'''
 +
 +
abducens.....drawing away
 +
 +
ablation.....carrying away
 +
 +
acetylcholine.....vinegar bile
 +
 +
adrenalin.....near the kidney
 +
 +
afferent.....to carry
 +
 +
agnosia.....no knowledge
 +
 +
alar.....wing-like
 +
 +
alexia.....no words
 +
 +
alveus.....canal
 +
 +
amacrine.....long fiber
 +
 +
ambidextrous.....both right
 +
 +
ambiguus.....doubtful
 +
 +
amblyopia.....dull vision
 +
 +
amnesia.....forgetfulness
 +
 +
ampulla.....small bottle
 +
 +
amygdala.....almond
 +
 +
analgesia.....no pain
 +
 +
aneurysm.....widening
 +
 +
anesthesia.....no sensation
 +
 +
ansa.....urn handle
 +
 +
antitoxin.....against poison
 +
 +
aphagia.....no eat
 +
 +
aphasia.....no speech
 +
 +
aqueduct.....water canal
 +
 +
arachnoid.....spider web-like
 +
 +
arbor vitae.....tree of life
 +
 +
arcuate n......bow shaped
 +
 +
astrocyte.....star-like cell
 +
 +
ataxia.....not orderly
 +
 +
atrophy.....want of nourishment
 +
 +
aura.....breath, breeze
 +
 +
auricle.....a little ear
 +
 +
autonomic.....self law
 +
 +
axon.....axis, axle
 +
 +
basilar.....base
 +
bouton.....button
 +
 +
brachium.....arm
 +
 +
bregma.....front of the head
 +
 +
calcarine.....spur-shaped
 +
callosum.....hard, tough
 +
 +
cannula.....reed
 +
 +
carotid.....to put to sleep
 +
 +
cataplexy.....down stroke, seizure
 +
 +
catatonia.....down tone
 +
 +
cauda.....tail
 +
 +
cauda equina.....horse tail
 +
 +
caudate.....tail
 +
 +
causalgia.....burning pain
 +
 +
cenereum.....ash gray
 +
 +
cephalic.....head
 +
 +
cerebellum.....little brain
 +
 +
cerebrum.....brain
 +
 +
ceruleus.....blue
 +
 +
cerumen.....wax
 +
 +
cervical.....neck
 +
 +
chiasm.....a crossing
 +
 +
chorea.....to dance
 +
 +
choroid.....like a membrane
 +
 +
cinereum.....ashen-hued
 +
 +
cingulum.....girdle or belt
 +
 +
circadian.....about a day
 +
 +
cistern.....reservior or well
 +
 +
claustrum.....barrier
 +
 +
coccyx.....cuckoo
 +
 +
cochlea.....snail shell
 +
 +
colliculus.....little hill
 +
 +
conscious.....aware
 +
 +
conus.....cone or peg
 +
 +
coma.....deep sleep
 +
 +
commissure.....joining together
 +
 +
conjunctivum.....join
 +
 +
convolution.....a turn, a folding
 +
 +
convulsion.....pulling together
 +
cornu.....horn
 +
 +
corona.....crown
 +
 +
corpus.....body
 +
 +
cortex.....bark, shell
 +
 +
cribiform.....sieve-like
 +
 +
crista.....crest
 +
 +
cruciate.....cross-shaped
 +
 +
culmen.....ridge, summit
 +
 +
cuneate.....wedge
 +
 +
cupula.....little tub
 +
 +
decussation.....crossing
 +
 +
dementia.....away from mind
 +
 +
dendrite.....tree
 +
 +
dentate.....notched
 +
 +
dura.....hard
 +
 +
dyskinesia.....improper motion
 +
 +
edema.....swelling
 +
 +
efferent....carry out (away)
 +
 +
emboliform.....plug-like
 +
 +
encephalitis.....brain inflammation
 +
 +
encephalogram.....brain writing
 +
 +
ependyma.....upper garment
 +
 +
epilepsy.....seizure
 +
 +
ethmoid.....sieve-like
 +
 +
falx.....sickle
 +
 +
fasciculus.....little bundle
 +
 +
filum.....thread
 +
 +
fimbria.....fringe
 +
 +
fissure.....cleft or slit
 +
 +
flocculus.....tuft of wool
 +
 +
folium.....leaf
 +
 +
foramen.....opening
 +
 +
fornix.....arch
 +
 +
fossa.....trench, channel
 +
 +
fovea.....pit, depression
 +
 +
fundus.....bottom
 +
 +
funiculus.....little cord
 +
 +
fusiform.....spindle-shaped
 +
 +
ganglion.....knot, swelling
 +
 +
genu.....knee
 +
 +
geniculate.....bent like a knee
 +
 +
glabrous.....bald
 +
 +
gland.....acorn
 +
 +
glia.....glue
 +
 +
globus pallidus.....pale ball
 +
 +
glossal.....tongue
 +
 +
gracile.....slender
 +
 +
gyrus.....ring, circle
 +
 +
habenula.....rein
 +
 +
hallucination.....to wander in the mind
 +
 +
hemorrhage.....to burst forth with blood
 +
 +
hippocampus.....sea horse
 +
 +
hypnosis.....sleep
 +
 +
hypoglossal.....under the tongue
 +
 +
hypophysis.....down growth
 +
 +
hypothalamus....under thalamus
 +
 +
incus.....anvil
 +
 +
infundibulum.....funnel
 +
 +
insula.....island
 +
 +
iris.....rainbow
 +
 +
lamina.....layer, thin plate
 +
 +
lemniscus.....woolen band or filet
 +
 +
lens.....lentil
 +
 +
lenticular.....shaped like a lens
 +
 +
limbic.....border, hem, fringe
 +
 +
lingula.....little tongue
 +
 +
lumbar.....pertaining to the loins
 +
 +
macula.....spot
 +
 +
malleus.....hammer
 +
 +
mater (dura).....mother
 +
 +
medulla.....innermost, marrow
 +
 +
melanin.....black
 +
 +
meninges.....membrane
 +
 +
meningitis.....membrane inflammation
 +
 +
microglia.....small glue
 +
 +
myelin.....marrow
 +
 +
myopia.....to shut eye
 +
 +
narcolepsy.....numbness seizure
 +
 +
narcotic.....benumbing, deadening
 +
 +
neuron.....nerve
 +
 +
node.....knot
 +
 +
nucleus.....nut
 +
 +
obex.....barrier
 +
 +
oblongata.....rather long
 +
 +
oculomotor.....eye movement
 +
 +
oligodendrocyte.....few tree cell
 +
 +
operculus.....cover, lid
 +
 +
optic.....for sight
 +
 +
oscilloscope.....to examine swinging
 +
 +
pallidus.....pale
 +
 +
paralysis.....to loosen
 +
 +
paranoia.....mind beside itself
 +
 +
patella.....little plate
 +
 +
peduncle.....stemlike
 +
 +
pellucidum.....translucent
 +
 +
pia.....soft
 +
 +
pineal.....pine cone
 +
 +
pinna....wing
 +
 +
piriform.....pear-shaped
 +
 +
pituitary.....slime, mucous
 +
 +
placebo.....to please
 +
 +
plexus.....a braid
 +
 +
pons.....bridge
 +
 +
potential.....power
 +
 +
pterygoid.....wing-shaped
 +
 +
pulp.....flesh
 +
 +
pulvinar.....cushion, pillow, couch
 +
 +
pupil.....doll, little girl
 +
 +
putamen.....shell
 +
 +
pyramis.....pyramid
 +
 +
pyriform.....pear-shaped
 +
 +
quadrigemina.....four twins
 +
 +
rabies.....to rage
 +
 +
ramus.....branch
 +
 +
raphe.....seam
 +
 +
rectus.....straight
 +
 +
restiform.....rope-like
 +
 +
reticular.....net-like
 +
 +
rhodopsin.....rose eye
 +
 +
rostral.....beak
 +
 +
rubro.....red
 +
 +
sacral.....sacred, holy
 +
 +
sagittal.....arrow
 +
 +
schizophrenia.....split mind
 +
 +
sclera.....hard
 +
 +
sella turcica.....Turkish saddle
 +
 +
semilunar.....half moon
 +
 +
serotonin.....blood stretching
 +
 +
septum.....wall, partition
 +
 +
sinus.....a hollow
 +
 +
soma.....body
 +
 +
somnambulism.....sleep walk
 +
 +
somniloquism.....sleep speak (talk)
 +
 +
spine.....thorn
 +
 +
splenium.....bandage
 +
 +
stapes.....stirrup
 +
 +
stellate.....star
 +
 +
stimulate.....to goad
 +
 +
striated.....striped
 +
 +
substantia nigra.....black substance
 +
 +
sulcus.....groove, trench, furrow
 +
 +
synapse.....connection
 +
 +
tapetum.....carpet
 +
 +
tectum.....roof
 +
 +
tegmentum.....covering
 +
 +
temporal.....time
 +
 +
tentorium.....tent
 +
 +
thalamus.....inner chamber
 +
 +
thoracic.....chest
 +
 +
trabecula.....little beam
 +
 +
tremor....to shake
 +
 +
trigeminal.....three twins
 +
 +
trochlear.....pulley
 +
 +
tubercle.....swelling
 +
 +
uncus.....hook
 +
 +
vagus.....wandering
 +
 +
velum.....covering
 +
 +
ventricle.....small cavity
 +
 +
vermis.....worm
 +
 +
vertex.....top, summit
 +
 +
vesicle.....blister, bladder
 +
 +
vitreous.....glassy
  
 
==Footnotes==
 
==Footnotes==

Latest revision as of 17:16, 4 October 2006

What is Matter?

Dr. Kinley "....I been trying my best to convey to your mind what matter is. What is it anyhow? What is the source from whence it derived? Where is it going to? Where did you come from? And where are you going to? And how do you know that whatever it is? You wanna talk about philosophy, metaphysics, and divine psychology, that's what you wanna do, and if you don't wanna do that, you should. Matter is, one of the lexicographers said this, "Anything that occupies space." I take the position of an etymologist I'll go get the roots. Matter is spirit materialized. God is spirit, and everything comes from spirit, it doesn't make any difference what it is it derives from spirit. What's the source of its final destiny? Where is it going to? It's going back to where it comes from."[1]


Major Divisions of the Brain

The housing for the brain is "a series of flattened or irregular bones" that form the skull, or more specifically the cranium. On the inside of the cranium there are 2 small holes that communicate from the inside of the skull to the outside, called "Hiatus of Fallopai". The Hiatus of Fallopai are "for the passage of the greater [and another for the smaller] petrosal nerve and the petrosal branch of the middle meningeal artery."[4] (See Aqueductus Fallopii.)


If you have conception from below, there must be a principle of conception from above; hence Fallopian (tubes) in the skull! 

Jhn 3:1-5 "There was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews: The same came to Yahshua by night, 
and said unto him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from Elohim: for no man can do these miracles that thou 
doest, except Elohim be with him. Yahshua answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be 
born again, he cannot see the kingdom of Yahweh. Nicodemus saith unto him, How can a man be born when he is old? can 
he enter the second time into his mother's womb, and be born? Yahshua answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, 
Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of Yahweh."


Enclosed within the cranium is the central organ of the nervous system--the brain. The brain is surrounded by a membrane and is also made up of several additional functional structures.


DIVISIONS OF THE BRAIN
Surrounding Membranes Major Divisions
Pia Mater Hindbrain
Arachnoid Midbrain
Dura Mater Forebrain


  • Def: mater, n. [L., mother] 1. Mother.[2]


Hindbrain

The hindbrain is made up of the following structures of the brain: cerebellum, pons, and the medulla oblongata. "...the pons which serves as a bridge to connect the brainstem and the cerebellum...The brainstem is made up of the pons, the medulla oblongata and the midbrain." [3]


DIVISIONS OF THE HINDBRAIN
Structures of the Hindbrain Brainstem
Cerebellum Midbrain
Pons Pons
Medulla Oblongata Medulla Oblongata

Midbrain

The midbrain is a section of the brain that is seated between the forebrain and the hindbrain. One interesting fact is that along the backside of the midbrain is what is called a tectum, which means roof".[3] (See coverings of the Mosaic Tabernacle.)


What kind of stone did Yahweh write the Ten Commandments on? Well, it was written in the Wilderness of Sinai, right? What kind of stone do you find in a desert? Sandstone, obviously! So if we say that Yahweh wrote the Ten Commandments on sandstone, where is the witness in the creation?


In your head there is such a thing called "Brain Sand"! One structure deep within the midbrain is the pineal gland where small granuals of acervulus cerebri[4] or "brain sand", is formed. (See Wilderness of Sinai of the Migratory Trek.)

Forebrain

The forebrain is the largest portion of the brain, the two hemispheres of the cerebrum. Even though the brain itself is comprised of four lobes, the forebrain itself is made up of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. There are three other important structures that make up the forebrain: thalamus, hypothalamus and the limbic system.[3]


DIVISIONS OF THE FOREBRAIN
Lobes of the Forebrain Structures of the Forebrain
Frontal Lobe Thalamus
Parietal Lobe Hypothalamus
Temporal Lobe Limbic System

Brain Matter

  • Def: matter, n. [L. matter, wood; Armen. pine, cedar; Russ. firm, strong, and perhaps to L. mater mother. See Mother, Madeira, Material] 1. That of which any physical object is composed; material; substance; constituents; elements; also, material prepared or selected for any purpose; the gray matter of the cortex. 3. Material or substance regarded ast he passive recipient of form; hence, that which is or may be given a new form. 4. Physical substance as made up of chemical elements and distinguished from incorporeal substance, action, qualities, etc. 5. Amount; quantity; portion; space;--often indefinite. 13. Obs. The first phase of creation; chaos. 14. Christian Science Another name for mortal mind; illusion; the opposite of Spirit; that of which immortal Mind takes no cognizance; that which mortal mind sees, feels, hears, tastes, and smells only in belief. 15. Law. That which is to be proved; as by some record, by evidence of any kind except a record, solely by the testimony of winesses unsupported by any record or other written or tangible evidence. Philos. The indeterminate subject of reality; the wholly or virtually passive element in the universe; the unorganized basis or stuff of experience which when combined with form, or the ideal element, gives phenomena, or real objects. The metaphysical conception of matter as that which combines or synthesizes the variable elements of existence, though in itself wholly indeterminate, takes its rise in the Platonic and Aristotelian notion of hyle, the passive or potential substance or substratum upon which form acts to produce realities. Cf. Form, Idea, Noumenon, Substance. 19. Physics. Whatever occupies space; that which is considered to constitute the substance of the physical universe, and, with energy, to form the basis of objective phenomena. The nature of matter is unknown but some of the properties attributed to it are volume or extension, impenetrability, mass or inertia, compressibility, elasticity, etc. Various phenomena indicate that all matter is composed of minute particles, protons and electrons. See Atomic Theory, Conservation of Mass, Energy.[2]


LAYERS OF BRAIN MATTER
Layers
White Matter
Grey & White Matter (Intermingled)
Grey Matter (Outer Layer)


Grey Matter

The grey matter of the brain is "made up largely of nerve cells". At first glance, the surface of brain is made up of grey matter and forms what is "convolutions of the cerebrum, and the laminae of the cerebellum"...."grey matter is found in the interior of the brain, collected into large and distinct masses or ganglionic bodies, such as the corpus striatum, optic thalamus, and corpora quadrigemina." Under this first layer, the "...grey matter is found intermingled intimately with the white, but without definite arrangement..." [4]


Convolutions

Dr. Kinley "The, the tabernacle is a tabernacle of your, of your body, or of the earthly part. The cloud is up here, your brain is the cloud, and you see the devil setting up here in your brain, psychologically speaking, controlling your thoughts and telling you that you owe allegiance and homage, obedience and so forth and so on to him. And then it's often taught to you and it cuts a groove in your brain. Now convolutions, that's a groove, and you know how your brain is crinkled up just like this cloud up here, just like this cloud. It's that way to show you so it's convoluted."[5]


  • Def: convolute, v.t.&i. 1. to twist around; to writhe; contort, 2. to make convolute; to coil. convolute, adj. 1. rolled or wound together, one part upon another. convoluted, adj. 1. folded in curved or tortuous windings; coiled; rolled up; having convolutions. convolution, n. 1. a convoluting, or state of being convoluted; a rolling or coiling together, 2. A gyrus.[2]


  • Def: gyrus, n. pl. [L. see Gyre] 1. Anat. A convoluted ridge between grooves. gyre, n. [Cf. Cower, Girasol] 1. A circular motion, or a circle described by a moving body; revolution, 2. A circular or spiral form; a ring; also, a vortex. gyre, v.t.&i. [L. see Gyrate] 1. To turn around; to gyrate. gyre, n. [ON. ogress, witch] 1. A malignant spirit. Scot. gyration, n. 2. Anat. The pattern of cerebral convolutions or gyri.[2]


White Matter

The white matter of the brain is "made up chiefly of nerve fibres arising from the nerve cells of the brain". And in the third layer "the white matter of the brain is divisible into three distinct classes of fibres: diverging, comissural, and associations fibres." [4]


WHITE MATTER
Fibres of White Matter
Association Fibres
Comissural Fibres
Diverging Fibres


Additional References

Etymology of Neuroanatomical, Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Terminology

This table lists the original Greek and Latin meanings of neuroscience words. Most of the words are neuroanatomical terms, but neurological symptoms and disorders are also included.

WORD MEANING

abducens.....drawing away

ablation.....carrying away

acetylcholine.....vinegar bile

adrenalin.....near the kidney

afferent.....to carry

agnosia.....no knowledge

alar.....wing-like

alexia.....no words

alveus.....canal

amacrine.....long fiber

ambidextrous.....both right

ambiguus.....doubtful

amblyopia.....dull vision

amnesia.....forgetfulness

ampulla.....small bottle

amygdala.....almond

analgesia.....no pain

aneurysm.....widening

anesthesia.....no sensation

ansa.....urn handle

antitoxin.....against poison

aphagia.....no eat

aphasia.....no speech

aqueduct.....water canal

arachnoid.....spider web-like

arbor vitae.....tree of life

arcuate n......bow shaped

astrocyte.....star-like cell

ataxia.....not orderly

atrophy.....want of nourishment

aura.....breath, breeze

auricle.....a little ear

autonomic.....self law

axon.....axis, axle

basilar.....base bouton.....button

brachium.....arm

bregma.....front of the head

calcarine.....spur-shaped callosum.....hard, tough

cannula.....reed

carotid.....to put to sleep

cataplexy.....down stroke, seizure

catatonia.....down tone

cauda.....tail

cauda equina.....horse tail

caudate.....tail

causalgia.....burning pain

cenereum.....ash gray

cephalic.....head

cerebellum.....little brain

cerebrum.....brain

ceruleus.....blue

cerumen.....wax

cervical.....neck

chiasm.....a crossing

chorea.....to dance

choroid.....like a membrane

cinereum.....ashen-hued

cingulum.....girdle or belt

circadian.....about a day

cistern.....reservior or well

claustrum.....barrier

coccyx.....cuckoo

cochlea.....snail shell

colliculus.....little hill

conscious.....aware

conus.....cone or peg

coma.....deep sleep

commissure.....joining together

conjunctivum.....join

convolution.....a turn, a folding

convulsion.....pulling together cornu.....horn

corona.....crown

corpus.....body

cortex.....bark, shell

cribiform.....sieve-like

crista.....crest

cruciate.....cross-shaped

culmen.....ridge, summit

cuneate.....wedge

cupula.....little tub

decussation.....crossing

dementia.....away from mind

dendrite.....tree

dentate.....notched

dura.....hard

dyskinesia.....improper motion

edema.....swelling

efferent....carry out (away)

emboliform.....plug-like

encephalitis.....brain inflammation

encephalogram.....brain writing

ependyma.....upper garment

epilepsy.....seizure

ethmoid.....sieve-like

falx.....sickle

fasciculus.....little bundle

filum.....thread

fimbria.....fringe

fissure.....cleft or slit

flocculus.....tuft of wool

folium.....leaf

foramen.....opening

fornix.....arch

fossa.....trench, channel

fovea.....pit, depression

fundus.....bottom

funiculus.....little cord

fusiform.....spindle-shaped

ganglion.....knot, swelling

genu.....knee

geniculate.....bent like a knee

glabrous.....bald

gland.....acorn

glia.....glue

globus pallidus.....pale ball

glossal.....tongue

gracile.....slender

gyrus.....ring, circle

habenula.....rein

hallucination.....to wander in the mind

hemorrhage.....to burst forth with blood

hippocampus.....sea horse

hypnosis.....sleep

hypoglossal.....under the tongue

hypophysis.....down growth

hypothalamus....under thalamus

incus.....anvil

infundibulum.....funnel

insula.....island

iris.....rainbow

lamina.....layer, thin plate

lemniscus.....woolen band or filet

lens.....lentil

lenticular.....shaped like a lens

limbic.....border, hem, fringe

lingula.....little tongue

lumbar.....pertaining to the loins

macula.....spot

malleus.....hammer

mater (dura).....mother

medulla.....innermost, marrow

melanin.....black

meninges.....membrane

meningitis.....membrane inflammation

microglia.....small glue

myelin.....marrow

myopia.....to shut eye

narcolepsy.....numbness seizure

narcotic.....benumbing, deadening

neuron.....nerve

node.....knot

nucleus.....nut

obex.....barrier

oblongata.....rather long

oculomotor.....eye movement

oligodendrocyte.....few tree cell

operculus.....cover, lid

optic.....for sight

oscilloscope.....to examine swinging

pallidus.....pale

paralysis.....to loosen

paranoia.....mind beside itself

patella.....little plate

peduncle.....stemlike

pellucidum.....translucent

pia.....soft

pineal.....pine cone

pinna....wing

piriform.....pear-shaped

pituitary.....slime, mucous

placebo.....to please

plexus.....a braid

pons.....bridge

potential.....power

pterygoid.....wing-shaped

pulp.....flesh

pulvinar.....cushion, pillow, couch

pupil.....doll, little girl

putamen.....shell

pyramis.....pyramid

pyriform.....pear-shaped

quadrigemina.....four twins

rabies.....to rage

ramus.....branch

raphe.....seam

rectus.....straight

restiform.....rope-like

reticular.....net-like

rhodopsin.....rose eye

rostral.....beak

rubro.....red

sacral.....sacred, holy

sagittal.....arrow

schizophrenia.....split mind

sclera.....hard

sella turcica.....Turkish saddle

semilunar.....half moon

serotonin.....blood stretching

septum.....wall, partition

sinus.....a hollow

soma.....body

somnambulism.....sleep walk

somniloquism.....sleep speak (talk)

spine.....thorn

splenium.....bandage

stapes.....stirrup

stellate.....star

stimulate.....to goad

striated.....striped

substantia nigra.....black substance

sulcus.....groove, trench, furrow

synapse.....connection

tapetum.....carpet

tectum.....roof

tegmentum.....covering

temporal.....time

tentorium.....tent

thalamus.....inner chamber

thoracic.....chest

trabecula.....little beam

tremor....to shake

trigeminal.....three twins

trochlear.....pulley

tubercle.....swelling

uncus.....hook

vagus.....wandering

velum.....covering

ventricle.....small cavity

vermis.....worm

vertex.....top, summit

vesicle.....blister, bladder

vitreous.....glassy

Footnotes

[1]Extra Sensory Perception, by Dr. Henry Clifford Kinley, 1967.

[2]Webster's New International Unabridged Dictionary, by G.& C. Merriam Co.,(c) 1953, 2nd Edition, pgs. 324, 584, 1120, 1515.

[3]http://www.brainexplorer.org/brain_atlas

[4]Gray's Anatomy, by Henry Gray F.R.S, (c) 1995, 15th Edition, pg. 23, 37, 47, 651.

[5]Mystery of Iniquity: Satanic Spirit with a Carnal Mind in the Flesh, by Dr. Henry Clifford Kinley, April 16, 1975.
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